{"componentChunkName":"component---src-templates-tag-js","path":"/tags/json-web-token/","result":{"data":{"site":{"siteMetadata":{"title":"LoginRadius Blog"}},"allMarkdownRemark":{"totalCount":5,"edges":[{"node":{"fields":{"slug":"/engineering/jwt-authentication-with-deno/"},"html":"<p>In this blog, we’ll see how to create and validate a JWT(JSON Web Token) in Deno. For this, we’ll be using <a href=\"https://github.com/timonson/djwt\">djwt</a>, the absolute minimum library to make JSON Web Tokens in deno and <a href=\"https://deno.land/x/oak@v17.1.4\">Oak framework</a></p>\n<h2 id=\"before-you-get-started\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#before-you-get-started\" aria-label=\"before you get started permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Before You Get Started</h2>\n<p>This tutorial assumes you have:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>A basic understanding of JavaScript and Deno</li>\n<li>Latest Deno version installed on your system</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"what-is-jwt\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#what-is-jwt\" aria-label=\"what is jwt permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>What is JWT?</h3>\n<p>JSON Web Token is an internet standard used to create tokens for an application. These tokens hold JSON data and are cryptographically signed. </p>\n<p>Here is how a sample Json Web Token looks like</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"0\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJlbWFpbCI6Im9sYXR1bmRlZ2FydWJhQGdtYWlsLmNvbSIsIm</span></code></pre>\n<p>JWT is a good way of securely sending information between parties. Because JWTs can be signed—for, you can be sure the senders are who they say they are. And, as the signature is generated using the header and the payload, you can also verify that the content hasn't been tampered with.</p>\n<p>JWT can contain user information in the payload and also can be used in the session to authenticate the user. </p>\n<p>If you want to know more about JSON Web Token, We have a very good <a href=\"/jwt/\">article</a> about it.</p>\n<h3 id=\"how-to-generate-jwt-token-in-deno\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#how-to-generate-jwt-token-in-deno\" aria-label=\"how to generate jwt token in deno permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>How to generate JWT token in Deno</h3>\n<p>First, let's set up a Deno server to accept requests, for it, we are using <a href=\"https://deno.land/x/oak\">Oak framework</a>, it is quite simple and few lines of codes as you can see below.</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"ts\" data-index=\"1\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">// index.ts</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk15\">import</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Application</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Router</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">from</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;https://deno.land/x/oak/mod.ts&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">new</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">();</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">response</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;JWT Example!&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">new</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Application</span><span class=\"mtk1\">();</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">use</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">routes</span><span class=\"mtk1\">());</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">use</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">allowedMethods</span><span class=\"mtk1\">());</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">listen</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">port:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk7\">8000</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> });</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Once our program is ready for accepting request Let's import djwt functions to generate JWT token, In below code we can use a secret key, expiry time for JWT token in 1 hour from the time program will run and we are using HS256 algorithm.</p>\n<p>Add the below code in index.ts and update the router as shown below, you can now get a brand new token on <code>http://localhost:8000/generate</code></p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"ts\" data-index=\"2\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">// index.ts</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk15\">import</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">makeJwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">setExpiration</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Jose</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Payload</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">from</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;https://deno.land/x/djwt/create.ts&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">key</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;secret-key&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">payload</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Payload</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">iss:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Jon Doe&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">exp:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk11\">setExpiration</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk4\">new</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Date</span><span class=\"mtk1\">().</span><span class=\"mtk11\">getTime</span><span class=\"mtk1\">() + </span><span class=\"mtk7\">60000</span><span class=\"mtk1\">),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">header</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Jose</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">alg:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;HS256&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">typ:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;JWT&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">new</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">();</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">response</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;JWT Example!&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/generate&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">response</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">makeJwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">header</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">payload</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">key</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> }) + </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk6\">\\n</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"validating-a-jwt-token\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#validating-a-jwt-token\" aria-label=\"validating a jwt token permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Validating a JWT token</h3>\n<p>Once you get a JWT token you can validate the token by <code>validateJwt</code> function in djwt, let us import the validateJwt and add one more route <code>/validate/:token</code></p>\n<p>Now you can verify any token by passing it to a route like - <code>http://localhost:8000/validate/jwt_token</code> (jwt_token is a placeholder, please replace it with a real JWT token)</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"ts\" data-index=\"3\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">// index.ts</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk15\">import</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">validateJwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">from</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;https://deno.land/x/djwt/validate.ts&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">response</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;JWT Example!&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/generate&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">response</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">makeJwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">header</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">payload</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">key</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> }) + </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk6\">\\n</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/validate/:token&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> ( </span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">params</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> && </span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">params</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> && (</span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk11\">validateJwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">params</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">key</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)).</span><span class=\"mtk12\">isValid</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">response</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Valid JWT</span><span class=\"mtk6\">\\n</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">context</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">response</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Invalid JWT</span><span class=\"mtk6\">\\n</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Now you know how to generate and verify a JWT token in Deno, you can easily use it in your application, The complete source code used in this blog can be found in this <a href=\"https://github.com/LoginRadius/engineering-blog-samples/tree/master/Deno/JWTAuthentication\">Github Repo</a></p>\n<style class=\"grvsc-styles\">\n  .grvsc-container {\n    overflow: auto;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n    padding-top: 1rem;\n    padding-top: var(--grvsc-padding-top, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    padding-bottom: 1rem;\n    padding-bottom: var(--grvsc-padding-bottom, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    border-radius: var(--grvsc-border-radius, 8px);\n    font-feature-settings: normal;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-code {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 100%;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line {\n    display: inline-block;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    width: 100%;\n    padding-left: 1.5rem;\n    padding-left: var(--grvsc-padding-left, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n    padding-right: 1.5rem;\n    padding-right: var(--grvsc-padding-right, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line-highlighted {\n    background-color: var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-background-color, transparent);\n    box-shadow: inset var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-width, 4px) 0 0 0 var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-color, transparent);\n  }\n  \n  .dark-default-dark {\n    background-color: #1E1E1E;\n    color: #D4D4D4;\n  }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk3 { color: #6A9955; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk15 { color: #C586C0; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk1 { color: #D4D4D4; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk12 { color: #9CDCFE; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk8 { color: #CE9178; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk4 { color: #569CD6; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk10 { color: #4EC9B0; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk11 { color: #DCDCAA; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk7 { color: #B5CEA8; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk6 { color: #D7BA7D; }\n</style>","frontmatter":{"date":"July 10, 2020","updated_date":null,"title":"How to create and validate JSON Web Tokens in Deno","tags":["Deno","JWT","JSON Web Token"],"coverImage":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.492537313432836,"src":"/static/4f62fb01daec253b0246b5ba0f244846/ee604/deno_jwt.png","srcSet":"/static/4f62fb01daec253b0246b5ba0f244846/69585/deno_jwt.png 200w,\n/static/4f62fb01daec253b0246b5ba0f244846/497c6/deno_jwt.png 400w,\n/static/4f62fb01daec253b0246b5ba0f244846/ee604/deno_jwt.png 800w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}},"author":{"id":"Puneet Singh","github":"puneetsingh24","avatar":null}}}},{"node":{"fields":{"slug":"/engineering/nodejs-and-mongodb-application-authentication-by-jwt/"},"html":"<p>In this blog, we’ll be implementing authentication with JWT  in a NodeJS web application. For this, we’ll be using <strong>jsonwebtoken</strong> package </p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-jwt\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#what-is-jwt\" aria-label=\"what is jwt permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a><strong>What is JWT?</strong></h2>\n<p>JWT(JSON Web Token) is a token format. It is digitally-signed, self-contained, and compact. It provides a convenient mechanism for transferring data. JWT is not inherently secure, but the use of JWT can ensure the authenticity of the message so long as the signature is verified and the integrity of the payload can be guaranteed. JWT is often used for stateless authentication in simple use cases involving non-complex systems.</p>\n<p>Here's an example of JWT:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"0\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJlbWFpbCI6Im9sYXR1bmRlZ2FydWJhQGdtYWlsLmNvbSIsIm</span></code></pre>\n<p>Now, let's authenticate/protect some routes.</p>\n<p>Pre-requisites: </p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic knowledge of HTML/JavaScript</li>\n<li>NodeJS should be installed in your system.</li>\n<li>express module for creating the server.</li>\n<li>mongoose module for MongoDB connection and queries.</li>\n<li>bcrypt module for hashing.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>you can install all required packages by using following command:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"1\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">npm install express mongoose bcrypt  --save</span></code></pre>\n<p>Step 1. First, create a directory structure as below :</p>\n<p><code>JWTApp</code></strong></p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"2\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">-api</span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\">--models</span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\">----userModel.js</span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\">--controllers</span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\">----userController.js</span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\">--route</span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\">----userRoute.js</span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\">--server.js</span></code></pre>\n<h4 id=\"step-2-install-jsonwebtoken-packageby-using-following-command\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#step-2-install-jsonwebtoken-packageby-using-following-command\" aria-label=\"step 2 install jsonwebtoken packageby using following command permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Step 2. Install “<strong>jsonwebtoken</strong>” packageby using following command</h4>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"3\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"> npm install jsonwebtoken -- save</span></code></pre>\n<h4 id=\"step-3-create-the-user-model\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#step-3-create-the-user-model\" aria-label=\"step 3 create the user model permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a><strong>Step 3. Create the user model</strong></h4>\n<p>In the api/models folder, create a file called user userModel.js by running touch api/models/userModel.js.</p>\n<p>In this file, create a mongoose schema with the following properties:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>fullName</li>\n<li>email address</li>\n<li>password</li>\n<li>the created date</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Add the following code</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"javascript\" data-index=\"4\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;use strict&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">var</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;mongoose&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcrypt</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;bcrypt&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Schema</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">Schema</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">/**</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\"> * User Schema</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\"> */</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">var</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">UserSchema</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">new</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Schema</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">fullName:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">String</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">trim:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">required:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  },</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">email:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">String</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">unique:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">lowercase:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">trim:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">required:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  },</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">hash_password:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">String</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  },</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">created:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Date</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">default:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Date</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">now</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">});</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">UserSchema</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">methods</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">comparePassword</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcrypt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">compareSync</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk4\">this</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">hash_password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">model</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;User&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">UserSchema</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span></code></pre>\n<h4 id=\"step-4-create-the-user-handlers\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#step-4-create-the-user-handlers\" aria-label=\"step 4 create the user handlers permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a><strong>Step 4. Create the user handlers</strong></h4>\n<p>In the <strong>api/controllers</strong> folder, create a file called user userController.js by running touch api/controllers/userController.js</p>\n<p>In the userController file, create three different handlers to handle by using the following code</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"javascript\" data-index=\"5\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;use strict&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">var</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;mongoose&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;jsonwebtoken&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcrypt</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;bcrypt&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">model</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;User&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">var</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">newUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">new</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">newUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">hash_password</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcrypt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">hashSync</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk7\">10</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">newUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">save</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">send</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">hash_password</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">undefined</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">sign_in</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">findOne</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">email:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">email</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }, </span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk15\">throw</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> || !</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">comparePassword</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;Authentication failed. Invalid user or password.&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">token:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">sign</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">email:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">email</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">fullName:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">fullName</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">_id:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">_id</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> }, </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;RESTFULAPIs&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">loginRequired</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk11\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">();</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;Unauthorized user!!&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">profile</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">send</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk11\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">();</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;Invalid token&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span></code></pre>\n<p><strong><em>Note:</em> A hash password was saved in the database using bcrypt.</strong></p>\n<p>Step 6. In the <strong>api/route</strong> folder, create a file called user userRoute.js and add the following code:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"javascript\" data-index=\"6\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;use strict&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">module</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk4\">var</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">userHandlers</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;../controllers/userController.js&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// todoList Routes</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">route</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/tasks&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">post</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">userHandlers</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">loginRequired</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">userHandlers</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">profile</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">route</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/auth/register&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">post</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">userHandlers</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">route</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/auth/sign_in&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">post</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">userHandlers</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">sign_in</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span></code></pre>\n<h4 id=\"step-7-add-the-following-code-in-serverjs\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#step-7-add-the-following-code-in-serverjs\" aria-label=\"step 7 add the following code in serverjs permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a><strong>Step 7. Add the following code in server.js</strong></h4>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"javascript\" data-index=\"7\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;use strict&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">var</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;express&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">port</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">process</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">env</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">PORT</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> || </span><span class=\"mtk7\">3000</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;./api/models/userModel&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bodyParser</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;body-parser&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jsonwebtoken</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;jsonwebtoken&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;mongoose&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">option</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">socketTimeoutMS:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk7\">30000</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">keepAlive:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">reconnectTries:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk7\">30000</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">mongoURI</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">process</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">env</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">MONGODB_URI</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">connect</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">option</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(){</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk3\">//connected successfully</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}, </span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk3\">//err handle</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">});</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">use</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">bodyParser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">urlencoded</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">extended:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> }));</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">use</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">bodyParser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">());</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">use</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">headers</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> && </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">headers</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">authorization</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> && </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">headers</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">authorization</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">split</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39; &#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)[</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">] === </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;JWT&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jsonwebtoken</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">verify</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">headers</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">authorization</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">split</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39; &#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)[</span><span class=\"mtk7\">1</span><span class=\"mtk1\">], </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;RESTFULAPIs&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">decode</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">undefined</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">decode</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk11\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">();</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">undefined</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk11\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">();</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">});</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">var</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">routes</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;./api/routes/userRoutes&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk11\">routes</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">use</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">404</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">send</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">url:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">originalUrl</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> + </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39; not found&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">});</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">listen</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">port</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">console</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">log</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39; RESTful API server started on: &#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> + </span><span class=\"mtk12\">port</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">module</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Step 9. Now you just need to run the project by using the following command and try logging by using the JWT.</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"8\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">npm start</span></code></pre>\n<p>Step 10. Open Postman and create a post request to <strong>localhost:3000/auth/register</strong> as below: </p>\n<p><span\n      class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\"\n      style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 768px; \"\n    >\n      <span\n    class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\"\n    style=\"padding-bottom: 48.15384615384615%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAKCAYAAAC0VX7mAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAABH0lEQVQoz5WS7W2EMAyGs10n6jYdo5N0g/6hh9TQQL4NyXt2OBBce6oO6SFx4m9Haa3R9z26rmt8XS7Qw4DhH8TuWw+wRuPj0+DlzeD1fYIKIcB7j8irY+yPhpsM5PxISgk55515nkFEIN7HlKFtxugJKrGQWZkYMUrB73txJMbLsqDWekLuxGH7WOZfQ9UmoCnJxSqtcmaDUsovZ4I4OwYqZUXFGM/KNweiLHd/ZbclsQU+oqS0+wv5xNFW0qMMifsoFSxMaSzrUJx3sEwbjvSPM6Nb4x8hfXcxIOYEnyICr8Q+lBkNrLXwbsU5x1MeMbOSdLTs0c/Ueoec86qIp2rlTY2caeSspGfYSitPoyhx2pzhMIXG5FOLtD2DZ7kCWg0OZReCC1IAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"\n  ></span>\n  <img\n        class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\"\n        alt=\"Postman register\"\n        title=\"Postman register\"\n        src=\"/static/c5f1b5383ae681e93f61753d831f7a17/e5715/register.png\"\n        srcset=\"/static/c5f1b5383ae681e93f61753d831f7a17/a6d36/register.png 650w,\n/static/c5f1b5383ae681e93f61753d831f7a17/e5715/register.png 768w,\n/static/c5f1b5383ae681e93f61753d831f7a17/f793b/register.png 1404w\"\n        sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\"\n        style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n      />\n    </span></p>\n<p>Step 11. After this, let’s sign with this URL <strong>localhost:3000/auth/sign_in</strong> . Enter the keys and values for email and password </p>\n<p><span\n      class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\"\n      style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 768px; \"\n    >\n      <span\n    class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\"\n    style=\"padding-bottom: 43.69230769230769%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAJCAYAAAAywQxIAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAABI0lEQVQoz4WS2W3EMAxE3WM6TBNpIB3kLwXshxFb1n3ak6G8MhaLRSLggTTJoQ56WtcVy7JgnufOD321bVBK/cmyKgSr8Pmt8fZu8PGlEM2CKYQA51zHOAu9zPC0nvFwJ8aInPNFKYW2oNB3IeO2FWgbkJ3BJElJlJyQpTAGCnJvklLq4uM4LmSN+LnOGPaGI0dMkuzhIbqXiUByj80GtVa01rq/C7uw42CsX/k/0Sv6zhfH5U7SWYQD+ZYdpeFo+oy8YyKSL6OOz7TXgkkmpo2G1husMXDeIVqDxuTZvD3BA7BBYoNMxBbWVm/hFKccOQRrOF3rOeVwWhKTnIJCTvOi1Mvm7t+hH2itD3LlRnGB5fhdPBFfimpt/Uonj/5r5M/4BVVkvnkdJzkmAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"\n  ></span>\n  <img\n        class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\"\n        alt=\"Postman signin\"\n        title=\"Postman signin\"\n        src=\"/static/10b6a204538c36bfd1923066df621e29/e5715/signIn.png\"\n        srcset=\"/static/10b6a204538c36bfd1923066df621e29/a6d36/signIn.png 650w,\n/static/10b6a204538c36bfd1923066df621e29/e5715/signIn.png 768w,\n/static/10b6a204538c36bfd1923066df621e29/a4f81/signIn.png 1508w\"\n        sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\"\n        style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n      />\n    </span></p>\n<p>Under the value, add JWT and the token with a space between, like so:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"9\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">JWT eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJlbWFpbCI6Im9sYXR1bmRlZ2FydWJhQGdtYWlsLmNvbSIsImZ1bGxOYW1lIjoiT2xhdHVuZGUgR2FydWJhIiwiX2lkIjoiNThmMjYzNDdiMTY1YzUxODM1NDMxYTNkIiwiaWF0IjoxNDkyMjgwMTk4fQ.VcMpybz08cB5PsrMSr25En4_EwCGWZVFgciO4M-3ENE</span></code></pre>\n<p>Step 11. Then, enter the parameters for the key and value for fetching the profile. You want to create as shown below and send:</p>\n<p><span\n      class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\"\n      style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 768px; \"\n    >\n      <span\n    class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\"\n    style=\"padding-bottom: 43.23076923076923%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAJCAYAAAAywQxIAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAABHUlEQVQoz52SfU7EIBDFuamX8FD+75mM2tqlQCnfPOdRu64xGxNJfhlahnm8AbUsC8g0z4MPma96hdb6Ty4XDbtqvMwrHp4MHp8tlPceZJOFdXrF5gx82LHvgsQQwpgzppQQYxzknMd3ShEhJryZhHeboZxzaK2ht4pW8hF7H/+4kfHkdpwCHF3y0QtQI9Q0TSilfC0ciyfW2gFFGVmEUIh7aq0jj2K1imgtULTD4xMmnHADT8D/nH9bTNf8kosUOfKP2MQyT+GIuyrf44egFPTsL3soeCHHHWqV26Ilx6LWHPaMQfTb0Uuq3/TxliIWyykwoliOMWCTpzJrC7PtSMNiHv1ovd0tNi6y/0ZV2RzkNIvbxII8i8wL6v/mE5Z0vhA3riATAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"\n  ></span>\n  <img\n        class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\"\n        alt=\"Postman signin\"\n        title=\"Postman signin\"\n        src=\"/static/27b76e12f19355deb5bd9d438f690545/e5715/profile.png\"\n        srcset=\"/static/27b76e12f19355deb5bd9d438f690545/a6d36/profile.png 650w,\n/static/27b76e12f19355deb5bd9d438f690545/e5715/profile.png 768w,\n/static/27b76e12f19355deb5bd9d438f690545/bb543/profile.png 1418w\"\n        sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\"\n        style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n      />\n    </span></p>\n<p>As we have seen it is fairly easy to build a JWT authentication system with NodeJS, You can found the complete code used in this tutorial <a href=\"https://github.com/LoginRadius/engineering-blog-samples/tree/master/NodeJs/JwtAuthentication\">here</a>. </p>\n<p><strong>Note : You can decode or verify your JWT token details with this <a href=\"https://jwt.io/\">tool</a></strong></p>\n<style class=\"grvsc-styles\">\n  .grvsc-container {\n    overflow: auto;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n    padding-top: 1rem;\n    padding-top: var(--grvsc-padding-top, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    padding-bottom: 1rem;\n    padding-bottom: var(--grvsc-padding-bottom, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    border-radius: var(--grvsc-border-radius, 8px);\n    font-feature-settings: normal;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-code {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 100%;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line {\n    display: inline-block;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    width: 100%;\n    padding-left: 1.5rem;\n    padding-left: var(--grvsc-padding-left, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n    padding-right: 1.5rem;\n    padding-right: var(--grvsc-padding-right, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line-highlighted {\n    background-color: var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-background-color, transparent);\n    box-shadow: inset var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-width, 4px) 0 0 0 var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-color, transparent);\n  }\n  \n  .dark-default-dark {\n    background-color: #1E1E1E;\n    color: #D4D4D4;\n  }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk8 { color: #CE9178; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk1 { color: #D4D4D4; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk4 { color: #569CD6; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk12 { color: #9CDCFE; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk11 { color: #DCDCAA; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk3 { color: #6A9955; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk10 { color: #4EC9B0; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk15 { color: #C586C0; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk7 { color: #B5CEA8; }\n</style>","frontmatter":{"date":"March 20, 2020","updated_date":null,"title":"NodeJS and MongoDB application authentication by JWT","tags":["NodeJs","JWT","MongoDB","Authentication","JSON Web Token"],"coverImage":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.6666666666666667,"src":"/static/dbea56d68d6c702835ba66ef864dbdd2/46604/jwt.png","srcSet":"/static/dbea56d68d6c702835ba66ef864dbdd2/69585/jwt.png 200w,\n/static/dbea56d68d6c702835ba66ef864dbdd2/497c6/jwt.png 400w,\n/static/dbea56d68d6c702835ba66ef864dbdd2/46604/jwt.png 500w","sizes":"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"}}},"author":{"id":"Ashish Sharma","github":"ashish8947","avatar":null}}}},{"node":{"fields":{"slug":"/engineering/using-jwt-with-oauth2-when-and-why/"},"html":"<h2 id=\"what-is-jwt-what-is-oauth2\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#what-is-jwt-what-is-oauth2\" aria-label=\"what is jwt what is oauth2 permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>What is JWT? What is OAuth2?</h2>\n<p>JWT(Json Web Token) is a token format. It is digitally-signed, self-contained, and compact. It provides a convenient mechanism for transferring data. JWT is not inherently secure, but the use of JWT can ensure the authenticity of the message so long as the signature is verified and the integrity of the payload can be guaranteed. JWT is often used for stateless authentication in simple use cases involving non-complex systems.</p>\n<p>OAuth2 is an authorization protocol that builds upon the original OAuth protocol created in 2006, arising out of a need for authorization flows serving different kinds of applications from web and mobile apps to IoT. OAuth2 specifies the flows and standards under which authorization token exchanges should occur. OAuth2 does not encompass authentication, only authorization. For more information on OAuth2, please see <a href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749\">IETF</a></p>\n<h2 id=\"using-jwt-with-oauth2\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#using-jwt-with-oauth2\" aria-label=\"using jwt with oauth2 permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Using JWT with OAuth2</h2>\n<p>JWT and OAuth2 are entirely different and serve different purposes, but they are compatible and can be used together. The OAuth2 protocol does not specify the format of the tokens, therefore JWTs can be incorporated into the usage of OAuth2.</p>\n<p>For example, the access_token returned from the OAuth2 Authorization Server could be a JWT carrying additional information in the payload. This could potentially increase performance by reducing round trips for the required information between the Resource Server and the Authorization Server. This is a good use case for incorporating JWT into OAuth2 implementations when transparent tokens are acceptable - there are scenarios requiring token opacity where this is not optimal.</p>\n<p>Another common way to use JWT in conjunction with OAuth2 is to issue two tokens: a reference token as access_token, and a JWT containing identity information in addition to that access token. In use cases where this implementation seems necessary, it is probably worth looking into OpenID Connect - an extension built upon OAuth2 and provides additional standardizations, including having an access_token and an id_token.</p>\n<p>A common misconception is that using JWT with OAuth2 increases the security of an application, this is not true. As mentioned earlier, JWT is not an inherently secure mechanism, and the security of OAuth2 is upheld through the definitions of the actors involved in the authorization process and the specific steps to be taken for this process in different use cases. Security concerns regarding OAuth2 are best addressed by choosing the appropriate OAuth2 grant flow for the application based on use case, not the token format.</p>\n<p>The advantages of using JWT in addition to OAuth2 is in increased performance and decreased process complexity when it comes to certain flows; however, this may increase development complexity. When deciding whether to use JWT on top of OAuth2, it is best to begin by considering whether the performance gain is meaningful to your application, and whether that is worth the additional work required for development.</p>\n<style class=\"grvsc-styles\">\n  .grvsc-container {\n    overflow: auto;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n    padding-top: 1rem;\n    padding-top: var(--grvsc-padding-top, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    padding-bottom: 1rem;\n    padding-bottom: var(--grvsc-padding-bottom, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    border-radius: var(--grvsc-border-radius, 8px);\n    font-feature-settings: normal;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-code {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 100%;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line {\n    display: inline-block;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    width: 100%;\n    padding-left: 1.5rem;\n    padding-left: var(--grvsc-padding-left, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n    padding-right: 1.5rem;\n    padding-right: var(--grvsc-padding-right, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line-highlighted {\n    background-color: var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-background-color, transparent);\n    box-shadow: inset var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-width, 4px) 0 0 0 var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-color, transparent);\n  }\n  \n</style>","frontmatter":{"date":"March 11, 2019","updated_date":null,"title":"How to Use JWT with OAuth","tags":["JWT","Oauth","JSON Web Token"],"coverImage":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/d14806f1306c0379a98cfb3b3feceac2/14b42/photo-1454165804606-c3d57bc86b40.jpg","srcSet":"/static/d14806f1306c0379a98cfb3b3feceac2/f836f/photo-1454165804606-c3d57bc86b40.jpg 200w,\n/static/d14806f1306c0379a98cfb3b3feceac2/2244e/photo-1454165804606-c3d57bc86b40.jpg 400w,\n/static/d14806f1306c0379a98cfb3b3feceac2/14b42/photo-1454165804606-c3d57bc86b40.jpg 800w,\n/static/d14806f1306c0379a98cfb3b3feceac2/47498/photo-1454165804606-c3d57bc86b40.jpg 1200w,\n/static/d14806f1306c0379a98cfb3b3feceac2/724e2/photo-1454165804606-c3d57bc86b40.jpg 1350w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}},"author":{"id":"Ti Zhang","github":null,"avatar":null}}}},{"node":{"fields":{"slug":"/engineering/jwt/"},"html":"<p><em>A JSON Web Token (JWT) is a JSON object that is defined in</em> <a href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519\"><em>RFC 7519</em></a> <em>as a safe way</em> of <em>transmitting information between two parties. Information in the JWT is digitally-signed, so that it can be verified and trusted.</em></p>\n<p><strong>JWT Properties</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Less verbose -  JWT is compact in size and can be passed in the URL, POST parameter, or HTTP header.</li>\n<li>Self-contained - JWT carries all of information needed for exchanging information and authentication.</li>\n<li>Versatile - JWT works in .NET, Python, Node.js, Java, PHP, Ruby, Go, JavaScript, and Haskell.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>JWT Use Cases</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Information Exchange - JWT can be used between two parties to exchange information. JWT is digitally-signed and can be used in a secure public/private key pair. Information is verified using the public key on the other end.</li>\n<li>Authentication - JWT can contain user information in the payload and can be used in the session to authenticate the user. Once authenticated, users can access protected resources in an application using the JWT included in the request. So, every request will be authenticated by verifying the JWT.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>JWT contains three parts: Header, Payload, and Signature which are separated by a dot.</p>\n<p><code>Header.Payload.Signature</code></p>\n<p><strong>Header</strong></p>\n<p>The JWT Header consists of 2 parts:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The token type (typ): JWT </li>\n<li>Algorithm used to sign the token (alg)</li>\n</ul>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"json\" data-index=\"0\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">{  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">&quot;typ&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> : </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;JWT&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">&quot;alg&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> : </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;HS256&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Header Algorithm Types:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Symmetric Algorithms - This algorithm type uses a single secret key to both sign and verify the JWT token. For example: HMAC algorithms.</li>\n<li>Asymmetric Algorithms - This algorithm type uses a private key to sign the token and a public key to verify the signature. For example: RSA and ECDSA algorithms.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>alg Value</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Digital Signature or MAC Algorithm</strong></p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Algo</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Description</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>HS256</td>\n<td align=\"center\">HMAC using SHA-256 hash algorithm</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HS384</td>\n<td align=\"center\">HMAC using SHA-384 hash algorithm</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HS512</td>\n<td align=\"center\">HMAC using SHA-512 hash algorithm</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RS256</td>\n<td align=\"center\">RSASSA using SHA-256 hash algorithm</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RS384</td>\n<td align=\"center\">RSASSA using SHA-384 hash algorithm</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RS512</td>\n<td align=\"center\">RSASSA using SHA-512 hash algorithm</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ES256</td>\n<td align=\"center\">ECDSA using P-256 curve and SHA-256 hash algorithm</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ES384</td>\n<td align=\"center\">ECDSA using P-384 curve and SHA-384 hash algorithm</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ES512</td>\n<td align=\"center\">ECDSA using P-521 curve and SHA-512 hash algorithm</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>The Base64Url-encoded Header<strong>,</strong> which is first part of our JWT, looks like the following:</p>\n<p><code>eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9</code></p>\n<p><strong>Payload</strong></p>\n<p>The Payload, also known as the JWT claim, contains all of the information we want to transmit.</p>\n<p>Different types of claims can be used to build the Payload:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Registered Claim</strong> -  These claims are optional but recommended as they contain some metadata about the token:</li>\n</ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Code</th>\n<th>Name</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Description</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>iss</td>\n<td>issuer</td>\n<td align=\"center\">Identifies the principal that issued the JWT.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>sub</td>\n<td>subject</td>\n<td align=\"center\">Identifies the principal that is the subject of the JWT.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>aud</td>\n<td>audience</td>\n<td align=\"center\">Identifies the recipients that the JWT is intended for.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>exp</td>\n<td>Expiration time</td>\n<td align=\"center\">Identifies the expiration time on or after which the JWT MUST NOT be accepted for processing.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>nbf</td>\n<td>Not before</td>\n<td align=\"center\">Identifies the time before which the JWT MUST NOT be accepted for processing.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>iat</td>\n<td>Issue at</td>\n<td align=\"center\">Identifies the time at which the JWT was issued.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>jti</td>\n<td>JWT id</td>\n<td align=\"center\">Unique identifier for the JWT, can be used to prevent the JWT from being replayed.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Public Claim</strong> - These claims are defined by you, such as user name, and other important information.</li>\n<li><strong>Private Claim</strong> - A producer and consumer may agree to use claim names that are private. These are subject to collision, so use them with caution.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Example Payload:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"json\" data-index=\"1\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">{  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">&quot;sub&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;1234567890&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Frank Emic&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">&quot;jti&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;4b5fcea6-2a5e-4a9d-97f2-3d8631ea2c5a&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">&quot;iat&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: </span><span class=\"mtk7\">1521191902</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">&quot;exp&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: </span><span class=\"mtk7\">1521195630</span><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>This example contains a combination of registered and public claims. “sub”,”jti”,”iat”, and “exp” are registered claims and “name” is a public claim.</p>\n<p>The Base64Url-encoded Payload, which is the second part of our JWT, looks like the following:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"json\" data-index=\"2\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">NTY</span><span class=\"mtk7\">3</span><span class=\"mtk1\">ODkwIiwibmFtZSI</span><span class=\"mtk7\">6</span><span class=\"mtk1\">IkZyYW</span><span class=\"mtk7\">5</span><span class=\"mtk1\">rIEVtaWMiL  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">CJqdGkiOiI</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">YjVmY</span><span class=\"mtk7\">2</span><span class=\"mtk1\">VhNi</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">yYTVlLTRhOWQtOTdmMi</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">zZDg</span><span class=\"mtk7\">2</span><span class=\"mtk1\">MzFlYTJjNWEiLCJpYXQiOjE</span><span class=\"mtk7\">1</span><span class=\"mtk1\">MjExOTE</span><span class=\"mtk7\">5</span><span class=\"mtk1\">MDIsImV</span><span class=\"mtk7\">4</span><span class=\"mtk1\">cCI</span><span class=\"mtk7\">6</span><span class=\"mtk1\">MTUyMTE</span><span class=\"mtk7\">5</span><span class=\"mtk1\">NTYzMH</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span></span></code></pre>\n<p><strong>Signature</strong></p>\n<p>The final part of our JWT is the Signature. To create the Signature, we need 3 components:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Header</li>\n<li>Payload</li>\n<li>Algorithm used to sign the Header and Payload</li>\n</ul>\n<p>var encodedString = base64UrlEncode(header) + \".\" + base64UrlEncode(payload);<br>\nHMACSHA256(encodedString, 'secret');</p>\n<p>The secret is the Signature held by the server in order to verify tokens and sign new ones.</p>\n<p>The above Base64Url-encoded Header and Payload are combined with a dot, and then digitally-signed using the secret. This generates the Signature as the third part of the our JWT:</p>\n<p>wGDoDSxfKj3Ns379NVxocwM9TOiwxhxWl</p>\n<p><strong>Putting It All Together</strong></p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"json\" data-index=\"3\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">eyJhbGciOiJIUzI</span><span class=\"mtk7\">1</span><span class=\"mtk1\">NiIsInR</span><span class=\"mtk7\">5</span><span class=\"mtk1\">cCI</span><span class=\"mtk7\">6</span><span class=\"mtk1\">IkpXVCJ</span><span class=\"mtk7\">9</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">NTY</span><span class=\"mtk7\">3</span><span class=\"mtk1\">ODkwIiwibmFtZSI</span><span class=\"mtk7\">6</span><span class=\"mtk1\">IkZyYW</span><span class=\"mtk7\">5</span><span class=\"mtk1\">rIEVtaWMiL  </span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">CJqdGkiOiI</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">YjVmY</span><span class=\"mtk7\">2</span><span class=\"mtk1\">VhNi</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">yYTVlLTRhOWQtOTdmMi</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">zZDg</span><span class=\"mtk7\">2</span><span class=\"mtk1\">MzFlYTJjNWEiLCJpYXQiOjE</span><span class=\"mtk7\">1</span><span class=\"mtk1\">MjExOTE</span><span class=\"mtk7\">5</span><span class=\"mtk1\">MDIsImV</span><span class=\"mtk7\">4</span><span class=\"mtk1\">cCI</span><span class=\"mtk7\">6</span><span class=\"mtk1\">MTUyMTE</span><span class=\"mtk7\">5</span><span class=\"mtk1\">NTYzMH</span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.wGDoDSxfKj</span><span class=\"mtk7\">3</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Ns</span><span class=\"mtk7\">379</span><span class=\"mtk1\">NVxocwM</span><span class=\"mtk7\">9</span><span class=\"mtk1\">TOiwxhxWl</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>This is our final JWT, containing the Header, Payload, and Signature joined together with dots. It can be passed as a URL parameter, a POST parameter, or in the  HTTP header to authenticate or exchange information.</p>\n<p>You can play around with JWT using our <a href=\"https://jwt.io/\">JWT SSO Tool.</a></p>\n<p>Note: JWT does not hide information; it just encodes information using the digitally-signed signature and verifies that the information has not been altered over the network. So, do not add any sensitive information in the JWT claim.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p>\n<p>JWT comprises three encoded parts: Header, Payload, and Signature. It can be passed as a URL or POST parameter, or in an HTTP header. Due to JWT's lightweight, self-containing, and versatile strucutre, it remains a popular tool for information exchange and authentication.</p>\n<style class=\"grvsc-styles\">\n  .grvsc-container {\n    overflow: auto;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n    padding-top: 1rem;\n    padding-top: var(--grvsc-padding-top, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    padding-bottom: 1rem;\n    padding-bottom: var(--grvsc-padding-bottom, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    border-radius: var(--grvsc-border-radius, 8px);\n    font-feature-settings: normal;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-code {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 100%;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line {\n    display: inline-block;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    width: 100%;\n    padding-left: 1.5rem;\n    padding-left: var(--grvsc-padding-left, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n    padding-right: 1.5rem;\n    padding-right: var(--grvsc-padding-right, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line-highlighted {\n    background-color: var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-background-color, transparent);\n    box-shadow: inset var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-width, 4px) 0 0 0 var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-color, transparent);\n  }\n  \n  .dark-default-dark {\n    background-color: #1E1E1E;\n    color: #D4D4D4;\n  }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk1 { color: #D4D4D4; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk12 { color: #9CDCFE; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk8 { color: #CE9178; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk7 { color: #B5CEA8; }\n</style>","frontmatter":{"date":"July 11, 2018","updated_date":null,"title":"What is JSON Web Token","tags":["JWT","JSON Web Token"],"coverImage":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.7699115044247788,"src":"/static/280ee8f1345faeaa2d33899ee2475b0b/ee604/jwt.png","srcSet":"/static/280ee8f1345faeaa2d33899ee2475b0b/69585/jwt.png 200w,\n/static/280ee8f1345faeaa2d33899ee2475b0b/497c6/jwt.png 400w,\n/static/280ee8f1345faeaa2d33899ee2475b0b/ee604/jwt.png 800w,\n/static/280ee8f1345faeaa2d33899ee2475b0b/f3583/jwt.png 1200w,\n/static/280ee8f1345faeaa2d33899ee2475b0b/e4d72/jwt.png 1280w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}},"author":{"id":"Mayank Agarwal","github":"mayankagrwal","avatar":null}}}},{"node":{"fields":{"slug":"/engineering/alternate-authentication-asp/"},"html":"<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p>\n<p>Authentication and authorization both are most important things for any system and application. This blog starts with authentication and authorization concepts and after that explains the three default important ways and three custom authentication ways for doing authentication and authorization i.e. windows, forms ,passport, multipass, JWT  and SAML authentication. Plus, in this blog I will explain some fundamental concepts about the different authentication system.</p>\n<p><strong>Authentication and Authorization</strong></p>\n<p>Authentication is the process for checking the identity of a user based on the user’s credentials. Generally, user’s credentials are  in the form of user ID and password, and we check their credentials from database or equivalent alternative, if it exists then user is a valid candidate for next process - authorization.</p>\n<p>Authorization also known as “Permission Control” will come after authentication. Authorization is the process of deciding what kind of resource a user can access based on their identity and checking whether the authenticated user has sufficient rights to access the requested resources. Typically a resource can be an ASP.NET web page, media files (MP4, GIF, JPEG etc), compressed file (ZIP, RAR) etc.</p>\n<p><strong>ASP.NET default authentication Providers</strong></p>\n<p><strong>1. Form Authentication</strong></p>\n<p>Normally, form authentication is based on cookies, the authentication and permission settings are stored in cookies. However, we can also use form authentication without cookies, and in cookie-less form authentication we can use query string for passing user details. Remember, the key concept is always ONLY allow the user with correct credential also enough permission to view certain resources, so we need to capture their information and compare with what we have stored in the database. And no matter what kind of form authentication we use, after we receive the data on server end, we will compare them with the data stored in any storage method/provider. For example, we can store username and password in the web.config file, a JSON file, or a database table.</p>\n<p>Forms authentication flow:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>When a user requests a page for the application, ASP.NET checks session cookie. If the cookie exists and valid, ASP.NET assumes the user is authenticated and processes the request.</li>\n<li>If session cookies does not exists or not valid then it redirect to login form.</li>\n<li>User will enter username and password and if they are valid then he will get authenticated and authorized.</li>\n</ol>\n<p> <strong>2. Passport Authentication</strong></p>\n<p>Passport authentication is a centralized authentication service provided by Microsoft. The .NET Passport single sign-in service. When we use passport authentication then user authentication in your application is managed by Microsoft's passport service. Passport authentication uses encrypted cookies to manage the authentication.</p>\n<p><strong>How Password authentication works</strong> Users do not need to retype their sign-in name and password when moving from site to site. Those .NET Passport–enabled sites will issue a set of encrypted cookies in the .NET Passport central servers' domain to facilitate silent and seamless sign-in across sites. In some cases, sites owners will first redirect their end-users to .NET Passport sign-in and to authenticate upon first viewing of their site. If the users are logged in already, they'll get authenticated by ASP.NET, and if they are not logged in they will get redirected to passport servers (i.e hotmail, Live etc.)  to login first. If user successfully authenticates himself, it will return a token to your website.</p>\n<p><strong>3. Windows Authentication</strong></p>\n<p>We use windows authentication when we are creating a web application for a limited number of users who already have Windows account and this type of authentication is quite useful in an intranet environment. This authentication method uses local users windows account 'credentials' for to validate the user. Dot Net web application generally hosted on IIS(Internet Information Server) so the requests go directly to IIS to provide the authentication process in a Windows-based authentication model.</p>\n<p>The entire responsibility of authentication is done by IIS. It first takes the user’s credentials from the domain login. If this process fails, IIS displays an alert dialog box so the user can enter or re-enter his login information.</p>\n<p>Windows authentication have some advantages and disadvantages:</p>\n<p><strong>Windows authentication Advantage</strong></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Developers need to write less line of code for managing user's authentication.</li>\n<li>Users can use their existing windows accounts for login.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><strong>Windows authentication dis-Advantage</strong></p>\n<ol>\n<li>You can't control windows authentication process.</li>\n<li>Windows authentication only works on Microsoft OS you can't use it on others OS.</li>\n</ol>\n<p> <strong>4. Custom authentication Provider</strong></p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Multipass</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<p>Multipass authentication is a single sign on authentication. Suppose you have multiple sites and you want to create a single account for a user on both sites then you can use Single Sign-On. Single Sign-On is authentication system it allow user to share his authentication details with your there site. This allows a seamless experience for your users without forcing them to create a separate account on your second site. A multipass is simply a hash of keys and values, provided as an AES encrypted JSON hash.</p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>JWT (JSON Web token)</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<p>JWTs represent a set of claims as a JSON object that is encoded in a JWS and/or JWE structure. This JSON object is called “JWT Claims Set”. The JSON object consists of zero or more name/value pairs (or members), where the names are strings and the values are arbitrary JSON values. These members are the claims represented by the JWT.</p>\n<p>Your JWTs can contain any information you want; the user's name, birthdate, email, etc. You do this with claims based authorization. You then just tell your provider to make a JWT with these claims from the claims principle.</p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language)</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<p>SAML - Security Assertion Markup Language SAML. SAML is developed by the Security Services Technical Committee of \"Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards\" (OASIS). SAML is an XML-based framework for exchanging user authentication. The purpose of SAML is to enable Single Sign-On for web applications across various domains.</p>\n<p>SAML have three components: assertions, protocol, and binding. Assertions are authentication, attribute, and authorization. Authentication assertion validates the user's identity. Attribute assertion contains specific information about the user. And authorization assertion identifies user role and permissions.</p>\n<p>SAML works with multiple protocols including Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and also supports SOAP</p>\n<p><strong>Summary</strong></p>\n<p>Different authentication methods are available, and website’s owner always gets confused about which authentication method they should use, here I have explained some of the popular authentication and authorization methods, hope it made it a little bit clear for you. And I will provide some in-depth details about each type of authentication in my next blog, <strong>happy coding</strong>.</p>\n<style class=\"grvsc-styles\">\n  .grvsc-container {\n    overflow: auto;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n    padding-top: 1rem;\n    padding-top: var(--grvsc-padding-top, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    padding-bottom: 1rem;\n    padding-bottom: var(--grvsc-padding-bottom, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    border-radius: var(--grvsc-border-radius, 8px);\n    font-feature-settings: normal;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-code {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 100%;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line {\n    display: inline-block;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    width: 100%;\n    padding-left: 1.5rem;\n    padding-left: var(--grvsc-padding-left, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n    padding-right: 1.5rem;\n    padding-right: var(--grvsc-padding-right, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line-highlighted {\n    background-color: var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-background-color, transparent);\n    box-shadow: inset var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-width, 4px) 0 0 0 var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-color, transparent);\n  }\n  \n</style>","frontmatter":{"date":"October 01, 2015","updated_date":null,"title":"Types of Authentication in Asp.Net","tags":["Engineering","Authentication","Asp.Net","Multipass","JWT","JSON Web Token"],"coverImage":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1,"src":"/static/09593e63090dd5b6ec6f5258209a953b/6d161/alternate-authentication-asp-dot-net1-150x150.png","srcSet":"/static/09593e63090dd5b6ec6f5258209a953b/6d161/alternate-authentication-asp-dot-net1-150x150.png 150w","sizes":"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"}}},"author":{"id":"Team LoginRadius","github":"LoginRadius","avatar":null}}}}]}},"pageContext":{"tag":"JSON Web Token"}},"staticQueryHashes":["1171199041","1384082988","2100481360","23180105","528864852"]}